Simple .NET/ASP.NET PDF document editor web control SDK

Notice how our separation characters were not included in the final output, but we do seem to have some blanks (which are showing up here as multiple commas in a row with nothing in between). These empty entries occur when you have multiple consecutive separation characters, and, most often, you would rather not have to deal with them. The Split method offers an overload that takes an additional parameter of type StringSplitOptions, shown in Example 10-60, which lets us eliminate these empty entries.

string[] splitStrings = output.Split( new char[] { ' ', '\t', '\r', '\n', ',', '-', ':' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);

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One of the most common examples used to visualize this is the problem with the dining philosophers. Figure 12-1 shows a table in which five philosophers sit down to eat. Each has a plate, and there are chopsticks on either side of the plates.

Our output is now the more manageable:

To, be, or, not, to, be, that, is, the, question, Whether, 'tis, nobler, in, the , mind, to, suffer, The, slings, and, arrows, of, outrageous, fortune, Or, to, t ake, arms, against, a, sea, of, troubles, And, by, opposing, end, them.

Some of the words in that output list originally appeared at the beginning of a line, and therefore have an initial uppercase letter, while others were in the body of a line, and are therefore entirely lowercase. In our output, it might be nicer if we represented them all consistently (in lower case, for example). This is easily achieved with the ToUpper and ToLower members of String. We can change our output line to the code shown in Example 10-61.

Adds the specified CSS class to the ItemView control. Can be used to (for example) change the style of the control based on the current circumstances, such as changing the color to red if the dataset is currently dirty. Passes the cursor to this control. If the control is off the screen, scrolls the browser until it is visible. Removes the specified CSS from the ItemView control. In a similar manner to addCssClass, you can change the visual state of the control based on the current circumstances. Complements the add and remove CSS class methods. If the class is currently active, this will turn it off; otherwise, it will turn it on. Adds a new item to the underlying dataset. This will make the dataset dirty. Removes the current item. This will make the dataset dirty. Moves to the next record in the dataset and triggers the binding of all controls within the ItemTemplate that are bound to it. Moves to the previous record in the dataset and triggers the binding of all controls within the ItemTemplate that are bound to it.

Console.Write(splitBit.ToLower());

Figure 12-1. The philosophers are getting ready to dine. The algorithm used by the philosophers for eating is divided into five steps: 1. Acquire the left chopstick. 2. Acquire the right chopstick. 3. Eat. 4. Release the right chopstick. 5. Release the left chopstick. Because all philosophers are equally hungry, they all start at once by picking up the left chopstick. The problem is that one philosopher s left chopstick is the right chopstick for another. So they all block when they try to acquire the right chopstick. A deadlock occurs, and they all starve to death. As you can see, deadlocks are dangerous, even potentially fatal. So, how are they avoided The first task is to identify potentially dangerous situations in which deadlocks can occur. Look for threads competing for more than one resource that also acquire these resources at different times. If each philosopher were to try to acquire both chopsticks in one operation, the problem would never occur. When a potentially dangerous situation is found, it must be defused. By not blindly acquiring the second chopstick, but instead trying to acquire it, a block can be avoided. If the second chopstick can t be acquired, it is important to release the first stick, too, to avoid

Our output is now consistently lowercase:

to, be, or, not, to, be, that, is, the, question, whether, 'tis, nobler, in, the , mind, to, suffer, the, slings, and, arrows, of, outrageous, fortune, or, to, t ake, arms, against, a, sea, of, troubles, and, by, opposing, end, them.

Upper- and lowercase rules vary considerably among cultures, and you should be cautious when using ToUpper and ToLower for this purpose. For culture-insensitive scenarios, there are also methods called ToUpper Invariant and ToLowerInvariant whose results are not affected by the current culture. MSDN provides a considerable amount of resources devoted to culture-sensitive string operations. A good starting point can be found here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/5bz7d2f8